Back dump mechanism



April 3 94 L. 5m ETAL 2,278,508

BACK DUMP MECHANISM Filed'S ept. 5, 1959 '3' Sheets-Sheet 1 lilllllllllll CLAUDE 13 0&5,

11V VENTORS April 7, 1942. L. BERNER ET AL BACK DUMP MECHANISM 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Sept. 5, 1939 J a R v in, NONI. R. 4 W 2%4 5% T w M 3 m 2 LM 2 Z 4 w w R 7 v 5 m r rnh WM HUI w A 5 4 4 0 Q0 6 5 April 7, 1942. V IL. BER NER E-T'AL 2,278,508,

' AC K DUMP MECHANISM Filed Sept. 5, 1959 r 3 Sheets-Sheet 3' LE0 EEEIYEBJGI 61/1005 5. 06L '5, 11v VENT0R5.

" ATTORNEY Patented Apr. 7,1942

uNiTsb 'ffsT TE S PATENT OFFICE BACK DUMP MECHANISM Leo Berner, Huntington Park. and Claude a.

7 Claims.

'ment which lies rearwardly of the scraper. Our

invention is also of utility on scrapers where the mechanism for raising the bowl from digg g to carrying position may not be adequate to move the how] when it is heavily loaded or Where no such means is provided. In accordance with the teachings of our invention, we provide means whereby the bowl may be locked to the wheels of the scraper so that when the scraper is moved rearwardly the bowl is rotated in a rearward or reverse direction. In this way the bowl may be moved from digging to carrying position or may be rotated a complete revolution, thus causin the load of dirt to be dumped rearwardly from the scraper-bowl. Y I

It is an object of our invention to provide an earth scraper having a back dumping mechanism of the character referred to in the preceding paragraphs which is mounted on trunnions or axles of the bowl and which cooperate with the wheels which are rotatable on the axles, whereby the bowl and wheels are locked together in orderthat upon rearward movement of the scraper the bowl will be rotated in a rearward direction.

It is a still further object of our invention to provide a scraper having wheels which are positioned outside the side bars of the draftirame and in which the back dump mechanism is placed between the side bars and the wheels.

It is a still further object of our invention to providea scraper having a back dump mechanism of the character referred to in the preceding paragraphs in which a part of the back dump mechanism extends into the bearing on the side bar of the draft frame and acts as a securing means whereby this part ofthe back dump mechanism is secured to the axle and also acts as a journal within the side bar bearing.

It is a further object of our invention to. provide a combination in which the wheels are placed etween the bowl and side bars of the frame and in which the back dump mechanism is located between the bowl and wheels.

vide a back dump mechanism useful on wheel scrapers or the like which is of simple and sturdy construction and which is adapted to be mounted on the exterior of the bowl.

Other objects and advantages of our invention will be brought out during the course of thefollowing detailed description of alternativeforms of our invention.

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary plan view of an earth scraper incorporating the features of our invention. This view shows the relation between the back dump mechanism, the draft frame, and bowl and wheels.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary view, partly in section, illustrating the back dump mechanism of our invention.

3 is a section taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken on the line 4-4 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary elevational view illustrating an alternative form of our invention.

Fig. 6 is a sectional View taken on the line 6-6 of Fig. 5, and showing our alternative form of back dump mechamsm.

Referring to the drawings in detail, Fig. 1 diagrammatically illustrates the scraper in plan view. The numeral H represents a scraper bowl having aforward cutting edge I2. Secured to and extending outward from end plates ll of the bowl H are axially aligned axles, spindles, or stub shafts ill on which wheels l6 are rotatable. The scraper has a draft frame including side bars ii, the rearward ends of which have bearings is which surround the axles l5.

We have not illustrated other details of construction of the rotary scraper due to the fact that such details are well known in the art and due to the fact that our invention resides more particularly in the back-up mechanism which is disclosed in detail herein and which may be applied to any of the different scrapers now in use. As an-example of the scraper to which our invention may be put, reference is made to the patent to Hyrum Ricks, No. 1,834,110, issued De cember 1, 1931, and also to our copending application for Scraper, Serial No. 294,246, filed September 11, 1939.

Referring more particularly to Figs. 2 to 4 inclusive, we will now describe the details of construction of those parts which constitute the essence of our invention. The axles l5, which extend outward from the end walls I 4 of the bowl, are welded to axle plates 20, which are in turn It is a further object of our invention to prosecured to the end walls. It will be underlefthand back dump mechanism is identical thereto.

The axle l5 extends through the bearing l8 and is surrounded by a sleeve 23 which constitutes a part of a latch supporting means which also includes a latch housing 24. 23 is non-rotatably secured to the axle l5 by means of keys 25 each having a head 26 at its outer end. The bearing l8 includes a removable bearing liner2'l having an outer flange 28. The sleeve 23, as will be seen, acts as a. journal rotatably supported in the liner 21 of the bearing l8 and also acts as a means for securing the latch housing 24 to the axle I5.

The latch housing 24 includes a relatively heavy wall 30 which has an opening 3! formed in it into which the outer end of the sleeve 23 extends, these parts being rigidly secured together such as by welding. The latch housing also includes an outer wall 32 which is supported in spaced relation to the inner wall 30 and is secured thereto by a peripheral or perimetric wall 33, which walls cooperate to provide a latch chamber 34.

Positioned in the latchchamber 34 is a latch 38, which is pivotally supported on a pivot shaft or pin 31 supported by the walls 30 and 32, as shown. The latch 36 has a lower engaging end 38 and an upper weighted end 39 and is movable between unlatched position, as shown by full lines in Fig. 2 into latched position as shown by dotted lines 40 in Fig. 2. The unlatched position of the latch 36 is determined by an adjusting pin 4| which is adjustable in slots 42 formed in the inner and outer walls 30 and 32. The purpose of providing this adjustment is so that the latch 36, when in unlatched position, will be supported in such a This sleeve ing means from wear, a wear plate 82 is positioned between the inner end of the hub 45 and the outer end and outer face of the sleeve 23 and inner wall 30. To receive the heads of the keys 25 cavities 64 are provided in the inner end of the hub 45.

As is well known in the art, earth scrapers of the type to which our invention may be applied are pulled over the surface of the ground by means of a tractive vehicle connected to the draft frame. When it is desired to gather earth the bowl is rotated into digging position, this being accomplished by causing the. bowl to rotate so that the blade l2 thereof drops below the surface over which the scraper is being moved. When the bowl is filled with earth, the bowl is then rotated in a reverse direction and into a carrying position. The bowl is maintained in this position until it is desired to dump the earth. If it is desired'to dump the earth ahead of the bowl and to level it over the ground, the bowl is permitted to rotate in a forward direction, thus dumping the earth ahead of the blade [2. All of these operations thus referred to are well known in the industry and mechanisms for accomplishing such operations are well known and illustrated in the patent and copending application referred to heretofore.

When our invention is employed on a scraper it is possible to employ the rearward movement of the tractive vehicle to raise the bowl from digging to carrying position and to rotate the bowl in a rearward or reverse direction to cause the earth to be dropped rearwardly in back of the scraper. This action is accomplished as follows: In Fig. 2 the parts are shown in full lines in the positions which they occupy when the bowl H is in carrying position. At this time the center position that it requires but little movement of the latch supporting means in a clockwise direction to throw the latch 35 off bearing so that it will,'by the action of gravity, move into latched position.

The outer end 44 of the axle I5 is of reduced diameter and rotatably supports a wheel hub 45. This wheel hub 45 is restrained from axial removal by means of a retainer washer 46, which is placed on the stub end 41 of the axle I5 and held in place by a cotter-key 48. The hub 45 is adapted to support an inner sleeve of the wheel IE to which sleeve 50 spokes 5| of the wheel are secured. Adapted to be secured onto the outer end of the hub 45, so as to enclose the stub end 41, washer 45, and cotter-key 48, is a hub cap 52. This hub cap 52 also acts as a means for securing the sleeve 50 to the hub 45. This securement is effected by means of wedge means 53 which are forced into the sleeve 55, thus causing the sleeve 50 to be rigidly supported on the wedge means 53 and the inner conoidal portion 55 of the hub 45.

The inner end of the hub 45 is provided with an abutment means 58 which provides a series of alternate abutments or teeth 59 and spaces 60 circularly aligned at the lower part of the latch housing 24, the teeth 59 being in a position to be: engaged by the latch 35 when in latched position. To relieve the latch supportof gravity of the weighted end 39 is to the left of a vertical plane extending through the axis of the pin 31, this causing the latch 35 to be maintained in unlatched position against the adjusting pin 4|.

In order to bring the back dump mechanism into operation, the operator of the scraper, by mechanisms commonly provided and as illustrated in the patent and copending application referred to heretofore, moves the bowl in a clockwise direction, thus causing the latch supporting means to rotate in a clockwise direction. When the parts have moved sufficiently to move the center of gravity of the weighted end 33 to the right of the vertical plane extending through the axis of the pin 31 the latch 35 will move by gravity into latched position as shown by dotted lines 45 in Fig. 2. The parts may be adjusted so that this movement of the latch from unlatched to latched position will occur at or before the time the bowl reaches its digging position. During forward movement of the scraper, the hub 45 rotates in a clockwise direction and the teeth 59 merely pass by the engaging end 38 of the latch 35 due to the tangential arrangement thereof. It will be seen, therefore, that the moving of the latch into latched position has no effect whatsoever while the scraper is stopped or moving in a forward direction.

With the parts in the positions described the operator can use the reverse movement of the tractive vehicle to rotate the bowl H in a rearward direction. When the scraper is moved rearwardly the wheels it are rotated rearwardly relative to the axles l5 until one of the teeth 59 engages the end of the engagement end 38 of the latch 36. At this time the wheels l5 beanticlockwise motion of the wheels fore, as the scraper is moved rearwardly the bowl can be moved into a carrying position. This function is, of course, utilized on scrapers which do not have control mechanisms or means capable of moving the loaded bowl from digging to carrying positions. By the simple mechanism which we have provided relatively complicated I mechanisms for moving the bowl from digging to carrying positions can be eliminated. By continuing the reverse movement of the scraper the bowl may be completely rotated so that the earth may be dumped from the rear of the bowl. This type of dumping is indispensable where it is necessary to dump the earth over an embankment. By the arrangement of our invention the scraper may be moved rearwardly to the edge of the embankment with the bowl in carrying position and the dumping action so timed by means of lowering the lip of the bowl to the ground in order to move the latch into latched position that as the wheels reach the edge of the embankment the bowl is rotated into a rearward dumping position.

Upon forward movement of the scraper the latch 36 is. of course, released and the teeth 59 will move by the engagement end 38 and when the parts are rotated to normal carrying position the latch 36 will again assume an unlatched position as shown in Fig. 2.

In Figs. 5 and 6 we have illustrated analternative form of our invention. In describing this form of our invention the parts which are similar to those in the first form of our invention will be given the same numeral but will have the suffix added to the numeral. The bowl Ila has side walls I to from which axles la extend. Side bars Ila have bearings l8a which are at the outer ends of the axles a, and in which the axles rotate. Rotatable on the axles I511 between the side walls lla of the bowl and the side bars Ila are hubs 45a on which wheels l6a are mounted in substantially the same manner as illustrated in Figs. 1 to 4, inclusive. The inner end of eachhub 45a has an abutment means which provides teeth 58, each abutment means being located between aside wall Ila of the bowl and a wheel lfia. Secured to each side wall of the bowl in an eccentric position is a pivot shaft or pin 3111 which supports a latch 36a.

in this form of our invention the operation of the parts are substantially the same as in the first form. When the bowl is in carrying position the latch 36a is so weighted that it is retained in an unlatched position. When the bowl is swung into a digging position, as shown in Fig. 5, the latch 35a will swing into latched position 'and upon a rearward movement of the scraper will be engaged by one of the teeth 58a which will result in the wheels lBa being locked from rotation relative to the bowl and shaft with the result that upon rearward movement of the scraper the bowl will be rotated in a reverse direction. I

It will be understood that in this form of our sired only one need be used although this would place a considerable twisting strain in the apparatus.

It'is believed that the manner in which we accomplish the features and objects of our invention will be well understood from the preceding detailed description of a preferred form of our invention. We realize that the principle of our invention may be employed in different structures and we therefore wish our invention to' be'broadly construed to include its different mechanical equivalents in accordance with the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

We claim as our invention: 7

i In an earth scraper, the combination of: a bowl; axles extending outward from said bowl;

a draft frame connected to said axles; wheels rotatable on said axles outside said draft frame; and latch means positioned between said draft frame and one of said wheels and operative for locking said last mentioned wheel from rotation invention as in the preferred. form back dump mechanisms are preferably provided between rearwardly relative mounted.

, 2. In an earth scraper, the combination of: a bowl; axles extending outward from said bowl; 8. draft frame connected to said axles; wheels rotatable on said axles outside said draft frame; a pivot eccentrically supported by one of said axles; a latch on said pivot swingable between latched and unlatched positions; and an abutment on one of said wheels engageable with said latch when said latch is in latched position.

3. In combination in an earth scraper, a back dump mechanism which includes: an axle extending outwardly from one side of the bowl of the scraper; a housing eccentrically mounted on the axle of said scraper; a wheel on said axle on one side of said housing; adraft frame engaging said axle on the other side of said housing; a latchpivotally supported in said housing,

to the axle on which it is said latch having a latched and an unlatched.

position; and an abutment on the wheel of said scraper which is rotatable on said axle, said abutment being engageable by said latch when said latch is in latched position.

4. In combination in an earth scraper: a bowl;

an axle secured to said bowl; a draft frame havbearing and acting as a journal; a wheel rotatable on said axle; abutment means on said wheel; and gravity operated latch means mounted within said latch supporting housing movable into engagement with said abutment means for locking said wheel to said axle.

6. In an earth scraper having a back dump means. the combination of a bowl; axles extending outward from said bowl; a draftframe connected to sa d axles; wheels rotatable on said axles; and latch means positioned between said bowl and one of said wheels for locking said last named wheel from rearward rotation relative to the axle on which it is mounted when said last named wheel is rotated in a rearward direction.

and unlatched positions; and an abutment on one of said wheels having a rearwardly faced shoulder engageable with said latch when said latch is in latched position to transmit rearward rotation from said wheel to said bowl.

LEO BERNER. CLAUDE B. OGLE. 

